Socket types
Sockets come in a variety of types:
6-point vs 12-point
Modern nuts and bolt heads are made with hexagonal gripping surfaces and as such limit the number of positions a wrench can adopt when placed over them. Sockets are produced in 6-point (hexagonal) and 12-point (double-hexagonal) configurations. When working in a confined area with limited turning space, 12-point sockets double the number of starting positions. 6-point sockets, however, offer a better grip on fittings and are less likely to slip and round off the corners with continued use and are generally preferred for damaged nuts and bolts. Simply stated: 12-point sockets are faster, six-point sockets are more secure. The majority of good quality "homeowner" socket sets come with 12-point sockets, which are perfectly adequate for almost all uses. Professional mechanics will generally prefer the 6-points sockets.
8-point sockets are still available from some manufacturers, allowing socket users to adjust square-shaped fittings rather than hexagonal fittings. They were much more easily available some years ago, but square-head bolts and nuts, once common, have become a rarity in modern toolmaking.
Shallow vs deep
A set of deep sockets on a rail.
Sockets are available in various lengths, often divided by manufacturers into two categories of "standard" and "deep." Standard, otherwise known as "shallow" sockets, have a lower profile and allow a user to access nuts in narrow spaces. Deep sockets are useful for turning nuts onto bolts when the bolt extends upwards into the socket (as in the case of many bolted joints), a very typical example being exhaust clamp bolts on an automobile.
Some high-end manufacturers, such as Snap-on or Mac Tools, offer what are called "semi-deep" sockets, designed for cases where marginal depth is desirable.
Impact sockets
High strength fasteners in demanding situations often require the use of an impact wrench or impact driver to deliver the amount of torque required to tighten or loosen them. Standard sockets are made of a strong, but brittle steel, such as chrome vanadium. When used with an impact wrench they can shatter explosively if they break. Impact sockets are made of a weaker, but more malleable steel that will deform and split instead of shattering, such as chrome-moly or chrome molybdenum. These sockets are not chrome-plated, as chrome can chip when used with impact wrenches. Instead, they are made with a coating of black oxide or a plastic coating to prevent corrosion.
Impact sockets can be used with hand-held drive tools; however, users often attach them to pneumatic tools, such as the aforementioned impact wrench, and use compressed air to place and remove fittings. This allows adjustments at greater torques (for both tightening and removal of fittings). Furthermore, it often reduces the effort exerted by the user.
Sockets come in a variety of types:
6-point vs 12-point
Modern nuts and bolt heads are made with hexagonal gripping surfaces and as such limit the number of positions a wrench can adopt when placed over them. Sockets are produced in 6-point (hexagonal) and 12-point (double-hexagonal) configurations. When working in a confined area with limited turning space, 12-point sockets double the number of starting positions. 6-point sockets, however, offer a better grip on fittings and are less likely to slip and round off the corners with continued use and are generally preferred for damaged nuts and bolts. Simply stated: 12-point sockets are faster, six-point sockets are more secure. The majority of good quality "homeowner" socket sets come with 12-point sockets, which are perfectly adequate for almost all uses. Professional mechanics will generally prefer the 6-points sockets.
8-point sockets are still available from some manufacturers, allowing socket users to adjust square-shaped fittings rather than hexagonal fittings. They were much more easily available some years ago, but square-head bolts and nuts, once common, have become a rarity in modern toolmaking.
Shallow vs deep
A set of deep sockets on a rail.
Sockets are available in various lengths, often divided by manufacturers into two categories of "standard" and "deep." Standard, otherwise known as "shallow" sockets, have a lower profile and allow a user to access nuts in narrow spaces. Deep sockets are useful for turning nuts onto bolts when the bolt extends upwards into the socket (as in the case of many bolted joints), a very typical example being exhaust clamp bolts on an automobile.
Some high-end manufacturers, such as Snap-on or Mac Tools, offer what are called "semi-deep" sockets, designed for cases where marginal depth is desirable.
Impact sockets
High strength fasteners in demanding situations often require the use of an impact wrench or impact driver to deliver the amount of torque required to tighten or loosen them. Standard sockets are made of a strong, but brittle steel, such as chrome vanadium. When used with an impact wrench they can shatter explosively if they break. Impact sockets are made of a weaker, but more malleable steel that will deform and split instead of shattering, such as chrome-moly or chrome molybdenum. These sockets are not chrome-plated, as chrome can chip when used with impact wrenches. Instead, they are made with a coating of black oxide or a plastic coating to prevent corrosion.
Impact sockets can be used with hand-held drive tools; however, users often attach them to pneumatic tools, such as the aforementioned impact wrench, and use compressed air to place and remove fittings. This allows adjustments at greater torques (for both tightening and removal of fittings). Furthermore, it often reduces the effort exerted by the user.
Watercolor Pens
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